Psoriasis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Types of Psoriasis

Psoriasis manifests in different forms:

• Plaque Psoriasis: The most common type, with raised red patches covered in silvery scales.
• Guttate Psoriasis: Small, drop-shaped sores that often follow infections like strep throat.
• Inverse Psoriasis: Shiny, red patches in skin folds, such as under the breasts or in the groin.
• Pustular Psoriasis: White pus-filled bumps surrounded by red skin, typically on the hands and feet.
• Erythrodermic Psoriasis: A rare, severe form causing widespread redness, peeling, and pain.

Understanding the type of psoriasis you have is the first step toward effective management.

Symptoms of Psoriasis

Psoriasis symptoms vary in severity and may include:

• Red patches of skin covered with silvery scales
• Dry, cracked skin that may bleed
• Itching, burning, or soreness
• Thickened or ridged nails
• Swollen or stiff joints (in psoriatic arthritis cases)

Symptoms can appear at any age, with peaks between 20-30 and 50-60 years. Some people experience mild irritation, while others face severe discomfort and visible plaques on areas like the scalp, elbows, and knees.

What Triggers Psoriasis Flare-Ups?

Psoriasis flare-ups are often triggered by external and internal factors, including:

• Stress: Emotional or physical stress can worsen symptoms.
• Cold, Dry Weather: Harsh conditions can dry out the skin.
• Infections: Illnesses like strep throat may lead to guttate psoriasis.
• Medications: Certain drugs, such as lithium and beta-blockers, can exacerbate symptoms.
• Skin Injuries: Scrapes, burns, or bug bites can cause new plaques in the injured area (Koebner phenomenon).
• Lifestyle Factors: Smoking and heavy alcohol consumption are linked to increased flare-ups.

Psoriasis flare-ups are often triggered by external and internal factors, including:

Psoriasis Treatment Options

While psoriasis has no cure, many effective treatment options can help control symptoms and reduce flare-ups. These include:

• Topical Treatments: Creams, ointments, and gels to soothe the skin and reduce inflammation.
• Phototherapy: Light therapy uses ultraviolet light to slow skin cell growth and reduce symptoms.
• Systemic Treatments: Medications that target the immune system for moderate to severe cases.